The Eastern Hemlock is a woody tree that can live for over 800 years. The bark contains tannins that were once used to process leather. The tree now is used at times for ornamental reasons and the wood is processed into pulp for the paper industry. In forests across North America, where the trees are located, wildlife uses it for protection, especially white-tailed deer that use it for bedding in the winter. The only pest that really affects the Eastern Hemlock is the woolly adelgid. The trees are also susceptible to root rot if located in an area where the ground can become very wet.
Common Name: Eastern Hemlock
Scientific Name: Tsuga canadensis
Family Name (Scientific and Common): Pinaceae
Continent of Origin: North America
Most Distinguishing Morphological Features of This Plant: Leaves are small, flat, green, and pointed. On the underside of the leaves are two parallel white stripes. These are caused by rows of stomata. The bark is brownish-grey.
Plant Growth Habit:Large Tree
Height at Maturity: More than 10 Feet
Life Span: Perennial
Seasonal Habit: Evergreen Perennial
Growth Habitat: PartialSun & Shade
Manner of Culture: Native Species
Thorns on Younger Stem? No
Cross Section of Younger Stem: Roundish
Stem (or Trunk) Diameter: More Than The Diameter of a Coffee-Mug
Produces Brownish Bark? No
Bark Peeling in Many Areas? Yes
Characteristics of Mature (Brownish) Bark: Lines Go Up-Down & Bumpy
Type of Leaf: Needle-Like
Length of Leaf (or Leaflet): Less than Length of a Credit Card
Leaf Complexity: Simple
Shape of Leaf: Simple
Edge of Leaf? Smooth
Leaf Arrangement: Alternate
Leaf has Petiole? Yes
Patterns of Main-Veins: Parallel
Leaf Hairiness: No Hairs
Color of Foliage in Summer: Green
Change in Color of Foliage in October: No Change
Flowering Season: Spring
Flowers: Tightly Clustered
Type of Flower: Like a Pine Cone
Color of Flower: Yellow
Shape of Individual Flower: Bilaterally Symmetrical
Size of Individual Flower: Smaller than a Quarter
Sexuality: Male and Female on Same Plant
Size of Fruit: Smallerthan a Quarter
Fruit Fleshiness at Maturity? Dry
Shape of Fruit: Spherical
Color of Fruit at Maturity: Brown or Dry
Fruit Desirable to Birds or Squirrels? No
Unique Morphological Features of Plant:
Is the Plant Poisonous: None of Plant
Pesty Plant (weedy, hard to control)? No
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